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Bluegreen藍藻治理技術

7年(nian)環(huan)保設備(bei)和機械加工(gong)生產經驗，應用于各(ge)大電(dian)廠、鋼(gang)廠、農業、市政(zheng)、工(gong)業
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BGWT開發了一(yi)(yi)個突(tu)破性(xing)的(de)殺藻(zao)產(chan)品，這個產(chan)品外層包裹了一(yi)(yi)層可使(shi)它(ta)漂浮在水面(mian)、并(bing)有(you)緩釋效(xiao)果的(de)物質，可以及時、經濟、有(you)效(xiao)地控(kong)制藍藻(zao)水華。它(ta)的(de)特性(xing)使(shi)它(ta)在水中能(neng)立即起效(xiao)，并(bing)不局限于水體的(de)面(mian)積和形狀，因此(ci)保證了安(an)全經濟的(de)在水體中施用(yong)操作。

Copper sulfate (CuSO4?5H2O)

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CAS # 7758-99-8)  is an odorless and a very potent algicide approved under the US EPA for water reservoirs including potable water sources. It is used in large quantities in aquaculture and contained artificial ponds, where toxicity is a minor issue.

The Lake Guard Blue? is designed to minimize the dosage  as well as the operational costs associated with the application of copper sulfate to a fraction of their current levels.

銅(tong)(II)硫酸五水化(hua)物(CAS # 7758-99-8)是(shi)一種無味和一個非常強大(da)的殺藻(zao)劑批準(zhun)根據(ju)美國環保(bao)署等(deng)水庫飲用水來(lai)源(yuan)。它包含大(da)量用于水產養殖和人工池塘,毒性(xing)是(shi)一個次要問題。

　　The Lake Guard Blue?旨在減(jian)少(shao)劑量以及與(yu)應(ying)用程序相關的(de)(de)運(yun)營成本的(de)(de)硫酸銅的(de)(de)當(dang)前水(shui)平的(de)(de)一(yi)小部(bu)分。

Sodium Percarbonate (2 Na?CO? · 3 H?O?))

Sodium Percarbonate (aka ‘Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate’; CAS# 15630-89-4) is an odorless algaecide composed of Soda Ash and Hydrogen Peroxide (H?O?) which is considered to be the most environmentally friendly algaecide commercially available for the treatment of cyanobacteria. However, and although approved under the US EPA, its overall usage is quite limited. The major reason this compound did not establish itself as a viable solution are high operational costs. In addition, and unlike copper or chlorine-based compounds, its active oxygen concentration is relatively low, badly impacting its potency – especially in the context of a full lake treatment and the potential for dilution.

Moreover, the use of liquid H?O? poses serious dangers, as large quantities of the compound have to be carried on boats where they may cause significant safety issues, including combustion or physical exposure to leaks.

In contrast, the Lake Guard H?O?? dramatically reduces the operational costs associated with the application of hydrogen peroxide, as the product travels independently on the currents along the cyanobacteria. Its ability to effectively target the cyanobacteria spatially as well as vertically, further reduces the overall input required to achieve effective concentrations of H2O2 where needed. Coming in dry, granular form, it requires no special preparation or equipment reducing unneeded exposure by operators to a minimum.

過碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉(又名(ming)“碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉Peroxyhydrate”;中科院# 15630-89-4)是一個無味(wei)的(de)除藻劑由(you)碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉和過氧化氫(H?O?),被認為(wei)是非常(chang)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)的(de)滅藻商用(yong)藍藻的(de)治療。然而,盡(jin)管美國環(huan)(huan)保(bao)局(ju)批準(zhun),其(qi)(qi)整體(ti)使用(yong)是相當有限(xian)的(de)。主要原(yuan)因這種(zhong)化合(he)物沒有建立本身作(zuo)為(wei)一個可行(xing)的(de)解決方案是高(gao)運營成(cheng)本。此(ci)外,與銅或(huo)霍亂化合(he)物不(bu)同,其(qi)(qi)活性氧濃度(du)相對較低,嚴重影響其(qi)(qi)效(xiao)力(li)的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)——尤其(qi)(qi)是在(zai)一個完整的(de)湖治療和潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)稀釋。

　　此(ci)外,使用液體(ti)H?O?帶來(lai)了嚴重的危害,大(da)量(liang)的化合(he)物(wu)必須進行(xing)船只,他們可能會導致重大(da)的安(an)全問題,包括燃燒或身(shen)體(ti)接觸(chu)泄漏(lou)。

　　相比之下,The Lake Guard Blue H?O??大(da)大(da)降低了啊

Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)?)

Calcium Hypochlorite (CAS# 7778-54-3)  is commonly used as an algicide (under NSF/ANSI 60 where it is limited to 15 mg/l), as well as a bactericide, deodorant, disinfectant, fungicide and so on.

Hypochlorite is widely used in the  cooling-water systems of power plants. These facilities have been authorized by regulators worldwide to treat the systems with chlorine in order to avoid biofouling. Free chlorine is later being discharged in massive quantities to adjunct water bodies. This method is regarded as ‘the best available method’ in terms of biocidal efficiency and cost effectiveness (Hergott et al., 1978). The US Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 423) dictates limitations on the concentration of free-chlorine and the permissible amount of chlorinated water discharge to be released into a water body per day per reactor. And yet, a power plant with a standard daily flow of five million cubic liters can release up to 200,000 kg of free-chlorine into the adjacent pond on an annual basis (see Table 3.1 in Pacey et al., 2011). Comprehensive environmental studies that have been conducted by various environmental protection agencies showed that this mass discharge of chlorine had insignificant adverse effects on fauna and flora (e.g. Brungs, 1973; Hergott et al., 1978; Sung et al., 1978; Pacey et al., 2011; Ma et al., 2011). Moreover, studies also showed that residual chlorine byproducts from these practices, such as trihalomethanes, were found below harmful levels (Hollod and Wilde, 1982; Jenner et al., 1997; Jenner and Wither, 2011).

Nevertheless, hypochlorite of any type has never been registered as an algaecide for freshwater bodies and therefore is currently not approved for use as an algaecide in surface water.

BlueGreen’s past field trials with this compound have confirmed that treatment with chlorine concentrations of under 5 g/m2 had no effect on fish, seabirds or turtles.

Moreover, our hypochlorite-based formulation (Lake Guard White?) was found to fully release its chlorine content within 60 minutes from application and to interact with the existing organic load in the water, after which total-chlorine could not be detected in the water (<0.01 ppm). In contradiction to in-vitro tests done in purified water (i.e. Clasen and Edmondson, 2006) this rapid interaction released all bound chlorine regardless of the pH range in the ponds (~pH 8.0).

　　次氯酸鈣(Ca(ClO)?)

　　次氯(lv)酸鈣(CAS # 7778-54-3)通常被(bei)用作殺藻劑(NSF / ANSI 60,限(xian)于15 mg / l),以及殺菌劑,除臭劑,消毒劑,殺菌劑等。

　　次氯(lv)酸鹽廣泛應用于(yu)電(dian)站的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻系統(tong)。這些(xie)設施已經被全球(qiu)監(jian)管機構授權處理系統(tong)與(yu)氯(lv)為(wei)了避免(mian)生(sheng)物淤(yu)積。游(you)離(li)氯(lv)是(shi)后來出院(yuan)了大(da)量兼職水體。這種方(fang)法被認(ren)為(wei)是(shi)“*好的(de)(de)方(fang)法”的(de)(de)殺生(sheng)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率和成本(ben)效(xiao)益(Hergott et al .,1978)。美(mei)國聯邦法規(40 CFR 423)規定限制游(you)離(li)氯(lv)的(de)(de)濃度和容許量的(de)(de)氯(lv)化水排放(fang)被釋放(fang)到水體每(mei)天每(mei)個反應堆。然而,發電(dian)廠和一個標準的(de)(de)每(mei)日(ri)五百(bai)萬立方(fang)升流可(ke)以釋放(fang)多達200000公(gong)斤的(de)(de)游(you)離(li)氯(lv)鄰池塘

Phosphate Binders

Phosphate is a well known factor in cyanobacterial succession over other microorganisms in aquatic habitats.  It is therefore logical that eliminating phosphates from the water leads to a decline in cyanobacterial infestations. Compounds such as aluminum sulfate and Phoslock efficiently bind to phosphates and sink to the sediment. In some cases, treatment of a whole lake with these compounds may prevent a few seasonal blooms.

Similar to treatments with copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, treatments with phosphate binders are applied subsurface, thus limiting the feasible scale for treatment, making it extremely expensive.

While considered a “preventative” measure against cyanobacterial blooms, the treatment is only effective to the extent it is able to bind with sufficient amounts of phosphate in the water. Given the abundant sources of phosphates from catchment areas, the effect of these  treatments is usually short-living. In addition, and although seldom addressed, treatment with phosphate binders include drastic amounts of binders, which in turn “rains” over the  sediment and chokes it. It is important to remember that bound phosphates remain in the ecosystem and under some conditions (heavy storms and water mixing)  can be re-released into the water column. Worse off, the bound phosphates are regularly consumed by “bottom feeders” such as carp and are easily disturbed and compromised by normal wind and wave action in shallow lakes.

Considering the overall (limited) demand to treatment with alum salts, BlueGreen is currently developing an alum-based product, the , which will  remove all operational obstacles associated with aluminum treatment for end users wishing to implement it.

　　磷酸鹽粘結劑

　　磷酸(suan)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)眾(zhong)所周(zhou)知的因(yin)素在(zai)藍藻繼(ji)承其它微生物(wu)(wu)在(zai)水生棲息地。因(yin)此,邏輯消除(chu)磷酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)的藍藻水下降導致的病害。化合物(wu)(wu)如硫酸(suan)鋁和Phoslock有效結合磷酸(suan)鹽(yan)(yan)和下沉(chen)(chen)沉(chen)(chen)積物(wu)(wu)。在(zai)某些情況下,治療整個(ge)湖與這(zhe)些化合物(wu)(wu)可能阻止一(yi)(yi)些季(ji)節(jie)性的花朵。

　　類似于(yu)治(zhi)療(liao)硫(liu)酸銅和(he)過(guo)氧(yang)化氫,治(zhi)療(liao)與地下(xia)應用(yong)磷酸鹽粘(zhan)結劑,從而限制了可行的治(zhi)療(liao),使(shi)它非常昂貴。

　　而(er)被認為是(shi)(shi)對藍藻(zao)的“預防”措施,治療(liao)僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)有效(xiao)的在(zai)某種程度上它能夠(gou)綁定有足(zu)夠(gou)數量的磷(lin)在(zai)水里。鑒于磷(lin)酸鹽(yan)從集水區的豐富來(lai)源(yuan),這些治療(liao)的效(xiao)果通常是(shi)(shi)short-living。此外(wai),盡管很少(shao)解決,治療(liao)

Barley / Rice Straw

Placing barley or rice straw into aquatic ecosystems has been practiced in some places with an inconsistent effect. A recent discovery of the active compounds released from the straw (flavonolignans salcolin A and B) did demonstrate a lytic effect on Microcystis aeruginosa. However, these active compounds are not commercially available and have yet to obtain the required environmental and regulatory clearances which are likely to require long-term toxicology and environmental-impact studies.

　　大麥/稻草

　　把大麥或稻草水生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統已經在一(yi)些地方不一(yi)致的影(ying)響。最近發(fa)現的活性化(hua)合物釋放稻草(flavonolignans salcolin A和B)演(yan)示了對(dui)綠膿微(wei)胞藻(zao)屬溶解性的影(ying)響。然而,這些活性化(hua)合物還沒(mei)有(you)商(shang)業(ye)化(hua),并獲得所需的環(huan)境和監管許可,可能(neng)需要(yao)長期毒(du)理學和環(huan)境影(ying)響研(yan)究。