一體化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)工藝流程(cheng)如圖(tu)1所示,本裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)由調節池(chi)、A/O-MBR池(chi)、電絮凝-催化(hua)(hua)臭(chou)氧化(hua)(hua)高級(ji)氧化(hua)(hua)反應器和(he)豎流式沉淀池(chi)組成。本中試裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)區別于(yu)傳統醫院污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理工藝的最大優勢是不需要(yao)添加(jia)任何外加(jia)試劑(包括(kuo)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)試劑),只(zhi)需電能(neng)就能(neng)對醫院污(wu)(wu)水(shui)進行高效的有機(ji)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)和(he)病原微生物(wu)同步降解消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)處(chu)理。本裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理量(liang)為15-20噸/天,工藝流程(cheng)如下:
醫院(yuan)污(wu)水(shui)首先進入調節池(chi),采用臭氧(yang)作為(wei)消毒(du)劑,以氧(yang)氣作為(wei)臭氧(yang)源,通過臭氧(yang)發生器(qi)產(chan)生臭氧(yang)進行消毒(du),臭氧(yang)發生器(qi)產(chan)量(liang)為(wei)50 g/h。預消毒(du)調節池(chi)污(wu)水(shui)停留時(shi)(shi)間根據(ju)《醫療機構(gou)水(shui)污(wu)染物排放(fang)標準》(GB18466-2005)中的規定(ding)為(wei)1.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。
經(jing)(jing)預消毒調節(jie)池(chi)(chi)(chi)后的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入A/O反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)池(chi)(chi)(chi),A/O工藝(yi)由缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)和好氧(yang)(yang)(yang)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)組成,醫院(yuan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)(chi)(chi)后,依(yi)次經(jing)(jing)歷缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)、好氧(yang)(yang)(yang)去除有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)階段(duan),流程的(de)(de)(de)特點是前(qian)置(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua),硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)后部分(fen)(fen)(fen)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回流至反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)池(chi)(chi)(chi),以提供(gong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸鹽。該工藝(yi)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)利用(yong)(yong)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內高(gao)(gao)效生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)填(tian)料(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)微生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)載體(ti),依(yi)靠(kao)堿性微生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)將污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中難溶性有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)可溶性有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),將大分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie)成小分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),以利于后端好氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)解(jie),同時通(tong)過回流的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)態氮在(zai)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)菌的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下,可進(jin)(jin)行(xing)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)和反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua),去除氨(an)氮。缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)前(qian),污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)碳(tan)被反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)菌所利用(yong)(yong),可減輕(qing)其后好氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)負荷,反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)產生的(de)(de)(de)堿度可以補(bu)償好氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中進(jin)(jin)行(xing)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)對堿度的(de)(de)(de)需求。好氧(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)缺氧(yang)(yang)(yang)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之后,可以使反(fan)(fan)(fan)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)殘(can)留的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)得到進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)去除,提高(gao)(gao)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質。A/O反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)池(chi)(chi)(chi)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入MBR進(jin)(jin)行(xing)過濾,進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)去除污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),從而使出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)達(da)到《醫療(liao)機(ji)(ji)構水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)排放標(biao)準》(GB18466-2005)中的(de)(de)(de)直接排放標(biao)準。
本(ben)工藝核心技術(shu)為電絮凝(ning)-催化臭氧(yang)化高級氧(yang)化反應器,該處(chu)理技術(shu)和反應器裝(zhuang)置均具有自主知(zhi)識產(chan)權。經過A/O-MBR反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)池的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)入電(dian)(dian)絮(xu)(xu)凝(ning)-催化臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)級氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)器(qi)進(jin)行深(shen)度強(qiang)(qiang)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li),電(dian)(dian)絮(xu)(xu)凝(ning)-催化臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)級氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)器(qi)采用了電(dian)(dian)絮(xu)(xu)凝(ning)和(he)催化臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化結(jie)合,電(dian)(dian)絮(xu)(xu)凝(ning)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質能夠(gou)催化臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)產生(sheng)具有強(qiang)(qiang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化性(xing)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)基(ji)(ji),并且(qie)由(you)于電(dian)(dian)解(jie)的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)化作用,該(gai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)器(qi)內(nei)可同時發生(sheng)催化臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)、類芬(fen)頓(dun)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)、過臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)、直接(jie)臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分子反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)和(he)電(dian)(dian)絮(xu)(xu)凝(ning)等(deng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying),能夠(gou)極(ji)大(da)(da)地(di)(di)提高(gao)自(zi)(zi)由(you)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)產生(sheng)速率(lv)和(he)產生(sheng)量(liang),提高(gao)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)病原微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)消(xiao)殺效(xiao)果(guo)。同時,外加雙氧(yang)(yang)(yang)水(shui)(shui)能夠(gou)強(qiang)(qiang)化有雙氧(yang)(yang)(yang)水(shui)(shui)參與的(de)(de)類芬(fen)頓(dun)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)和(he)過臭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying),能進(jin)一步增加自(zi)(zi)由(you)基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)產生(sheng)速率(lv)和(he)產生(sheng)量(liang),強(qiang)(qiang)化污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)病原微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)消(xiao)殺效(xiao)果(guo),實現醫院(yuan)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)同步消(xiao)毒(du)降解(jie)。廉價電(dian)(dian)極(ji)板能夠(gou)降低設備和(he)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)成本。還可通過在反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)器(qi)中(zhong)添加硅酸鈉(na)等(deng)緩蝕(shi)劑,緩蝕(shi)劑的(de)(de)加入能夠(gou)極(ji)大(da)(da)地(di)(di)降低電(dian)(dian)絮(xu)(xu)凝(ning)沉淀的(de)(de)產生(sheng),并且(qie)保(bao)持(chi)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)和(he)病原微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)消(xiao)殺效(xiao)果(guo)。
此外(wai),電絮凝-催化(hua)(hua)臭氧化(hua)(hua)高(gao)級(ji)氧化(hua)(hua)反應器采用內循(xun)環水(shui)(shui)高(gao)速旋(xuan)流(liu)高(gao)級(ji)氧化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)裝置,污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)在回(hui)流(liu)泵的作用下形成(cheng)旋(xuan)流(liu),使污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)在反應罐中處(chu)(chu)于充分混合狀態,能有效提高(gao)反應罐內的傳質效率,強化(hua)(hua)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)效果(guo)和延(yan)長反應器運行周(zhou)期,依(yi)靠循(xun)環水(shui)(shui)流(liu)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)的方式較現有機械攪(jiao)拌的方式能耗明顯降低,能夠降低醫院污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)成(cheng)本。
經電絮凝-催化(hua)(hua)臭(chou)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)高(gao)級氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)反(fan)應器的出水進(jin)入沉淀(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)污(wu)泥(ni)(ni)沉淀(dian),污(wu)泥(ni)(ni)主要為電絮凝過(guo)程中(zhong)產生的鐵腐(fu)蝕產物(wu)(鐵泥(ni)(ni)),由于在(zai)電絮凝-催化(hua)(hua)臭(chou)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)高(gao)級氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)反(fan)應器中(zhong)添(tian)加了硅酸鈉等(deng)緩蝕劑,能夠(gou)(gou)極大地降低鐵泥(ni)(ni)的產生量。沉淀(dian)后(hou)的鐵泥(ni)(ni)通過(guo)板框壓濾機脫水后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)后(hou)續(xu)處(chu)理。經過(guo)沉淀(dian)池(chi)(chi)后(hou)的污(wu)水各項指標能夠(gou)(gou)達到《醫(yi)療(liao)機構水污(wu)染物(wu)排放標準》(GB18466-2005)中(zhong)的排放標準。